diff --git a/src/tree/output.rs b/src/tree/output.rs
index b06b951e..b3b2f8d4 100644
--- a/src/tree/output.rs
+++ b/src/tree/output.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod policy;
 mod render_data;
+mod workspaces;
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 pub use {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ use {
             wl_buffer::WlBufferStorage,
             wl_output::{BlendSpace, WlOutputGlobal},
             wl_seat::{
-                BTN_LEFT, NodeSeatState, SeatId, WlSeatGlobal, collect_kb_foci2,
+                BTN_LEFT, NodeSeatState, SeatId, WlSeatGlobal,
                 tablet::{TabletTool, TabletToolChanges, TabletToolId},
                 wl_pointer::PendingScroll,
             },
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ use {
             errorfmt::ErrorFmt,
             event_listener::{EventSource, LazyEventSource},
             hash_map_ext::HashMapExt,
-            linkedlist::{LinkedList, NodeRef},
+            linkedlist::LinkedList,
             on_drop_event::OnDropEvent,
             scroller::Scroller,
         },
@@ -77,9 +78,7 @@ use {
             ExtImageCopyCaptureSessionV1Id, JayOutputId, ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1Id,
         },
     },
-    ahash::AHashMap,
     numeric_sort::cmp,
-    smallvec::SmallVec,
     std::{
         cell::{Cell, RefCell},
         fmt::{Debug, Formatter},
@@ -648,117 +647,6 @@ impl OutputNode {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn ensure_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
-        if let Some(ws) = self.workspace.get() {
-            if !ws.is_dummy {
-                return ws;
-            }
-        }
-        self.generate_workspace()
-    }
-
-    pub fn generate_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
-        let name = 'name: {
-            for i in 1.. {
-                let name = i.to_string();
-                if self.find_workspace(&name).is_none() {
-                    break 'name name;
-                }
-            }
-            unreachable!();
-        };
-        self.create_workspace(&name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn find_workspace(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Rc<WorkspaceNode>> {
-        self.workspaces
-            .iter()
-            .find(|ws| ws.name.as_str() == name)
-            .map(|ws| (*ws).clone())
-    }
-
-    pub fn show_workspace(&self, ws: &Rc<WorkspaceNode>) -> bool {
-        let mut seats = SmallVec::new();
-        if let Some(old) = self.workspace.set(Some(ws.clone())) {
-            if old.id == ws.id {
-                return false;
-            }
-            collect_kb_foci2(old.clone(), &mut seats);
-            for pinned in self.pinned.iter() {
-                pinned.deref().clone().set_workspace(ws, false);
-            }
-            if old.is_empty() {
-                for jw in old.jay_workspaces.lock().values() {
-                    jw.send_destroyed();
-                    jw.workspace.set(None);
-                }
-                for wh in old.ext_workspaces.lock().values() {
-                    wh.handle_destroyed();
-                }
-                old.clear();
-                self.state.workspaces.remove(&old.id);
-            } else {
-                old.set_visible(false);
-                old.flush_jay_workspaces();
-            }
-        }
-        self.update_visible();
-        self.update_presentation_type();
-        if let Some(fs) = ws.fullscreen.get() {
-            fs.tl_change_extents(&self.global.pos.get());
-        }
-        ws.change_extents(&self.workspace_rect.get());
-        for seat in seats {
-            ws.clone().node_do_focus(&seat, Direction::Unspecified);
-        }
-        if self.node_visible() {
-            self.state.damage(self.global.pos.get());
-        }
-        true
-    }
-
-    pub fn find_workspace_insertion_point(&self, name: &str) -> Option<NodeRef<Rc<WorkspaceNode>>> {
-        if self.state.workspace_display_order.get() == WorkspaceDisplayOrder::Sorted {
-            for existing_ws in self.workspaces.iter() {
-                if cmp(name, &existing_ws.name) == std::cmp::Ordering::Less {
-                    return Some(existing_ws);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn create_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>, name: &str) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
-        let ws = WorkspaceNode::new(self, name, false);
-        ws.opt.set(Some(ws.clone()));
-        ws.update_has_captures();
-        let link = if let Some(before) = self.find_workspace_insertion_point(name) {
-            before.prepend(ws.clone())
-        } else {
-            self.workspaces.add_last(ws.clone())
-        };
-        *ws.output_link.borrow_mut() = Some(link);
-        self.state.workspaces.set(ws.id, ws.clone());
-        if self.workspace.is_none() {
-            self.show_workspace(&ws);
-        }
-        let mut clients_to_kill = AHashMap::new();
-        for watcher in self.state.workspace_watchers.lock().values() {
-            if let Err(e) = watcher.send_workspace(&ws) {
-                clients_to_kill.insert(watcher.client.id, (watcher.client.clone(), e));
-            }
-        }
-        for (client, e) in clients_to_kill.values() {
-            client.error(e);
-        }
-        self.state.workspace_managers.announce_workspace(self, &ws);
-        self.state
-            .workspace_managers
-            .update_workspace_coordinates(self);
-        self.schedule_update_render_data();
-        ws
-    }
-
     pub fn update_rects(self: &Rc<Self>) {
         let rect = self.global.pos.get();
         let bh = self.state.theme.sizes.bar_height();
diff --git a/src/tree/output/workspaces.rs b/src/tree/output/workspaces.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b83fde5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tree/output/workspaces.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+use {
+    super::OutputNode,
+    crate::{
+        ifs::wl_seat::collect_kb_foci2,
+        tree::{Direction, Node, WorkspaceDisplayOrder, WorkspaceNode},
+        utils::linkedlist::NodeRef,
+    },
+    ahash::AHashMap,
+    numeric_sort::cmp,
+    smallvec::SmallVec,
+    std::{ops::Deref, rc::Rc},
+};
+
+impl OutputNode {
+    pub fn ensure_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
+        if let Some(ws) = self.workspace.get() {
+            if !ws.is_dummy {
+                return ws;
+            }
+        }
+        self.generate_workspace()
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
+        let name = 'name: {
+            for i in 1.. {
+                let name = i.to_string();
+                if self.find_workspace(&name).is_none() {
+                    break 'name name;
+                }
+            }
+            unreachable!();
+        };
+        self.create_workspace(&name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_workspace(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Rc<WorkspaceNode>> {
+        self.workspaces
+            .iter()
+            .find(|ws| ws.name.as_str() == name)
+            .map(|ws| (*ws).clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn show_workspace(&self, ws: &Rc<WorkspaceNode>) -> bool {
+        let mut seats = SmallVec::new();
+        if let Some(old) = self.workspace.set(Some(ws.clone())) {
+            if old.id == ws.id {
+                return false;
+            }
+            collect_kb_foci2(old.clone(), &mut seats);
+            for pinned in self.pinned.iter() {
+                pinned.deref().clone().set_workspace(ws, false);
+            }
+            if old.is_empty() {
+                for jw in old.jay_workspaces.lock().values() {
+                    jw.send_destroyed();
+                    jw.workspace.set(None);
+                }
+                for wh in old.ext_workspaces.lock().values() {
+                    wh.handle_destroyed();
+                }
+                old.clear();
+                self.state.workspaces.remove(&old.id);
+            } else {
+                old.set_visible(false);
+                old.flush_jay_workspaces();
+            }
+        }
+        self.update_visible();
+        self.update_presentation_type();
+        if let Some(fs) = ws.fullscreen.get() {
+            fs.tl_change_extents(&self.global.pos.get());
+        }
+        ws.change_extents(&self.workspace_rect.get());
+        for seat in seats {
+            ws.clone().node_do_focus(&seat, Direction::Unspecified);
+        }
+        if self.node_visible() {
+            self.state.damage(self.global.pos.get());
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_workspace_insertion_point(&self, name: &str) -> Option<NodeRef<Rc<WorkspaceNode>>> {
+        if self.state.workspace_display_order.get() == WorkspaceDisplayOrder::Sorted {
+            for existing_ws in self.workspaces.iter() {
+                if cmp(name, &existing_ws.name) == std::cmp::Ordering::Less {
+                    return Some(existing_ws);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_workspace(self: &Rc<Self>, name: &str) -> Rc<WorkspaceNode> {
+        let ws = WorkspaceNode::new(self, name, false);
+        ws.opt.set(Some(ws.clone()));
+        ws.update_has_captures();
+        let link = if let Some(before) = self.find_workspace_insertion_point(name) {
+            before.prepend(ws.clone())
+        } else {
+            self.workspaces.add_last(ws.clone())
+        };
+        *ws.output_link.borrow_mut() = Some(link);
+        self.state.workspaces.set(ws.id, ws.clone());
+        if self.workspace.is_none() {
+            self.show_workspace(&ws);
+        }
+        let mut clients_to_kill = AHashMap::new();
+        for watcher in self.state.workspace_watchers.lock().values() {
+            if let Err(e) = watcher.send_workspace(&ws) {
+                clients_to_kill.insert(watcher.client.id, (watcher.client.clone(), e));
+            }
+        }
+        for (client, e) in clients_to_kill.values() {
+            client.error(e);
+        }
+        self.state.workspace_managers.announce_workspace(self, &ws);
+        self.state
+            .workspace_managers
+            .update_workspace_coordinates(self);
+        self.schedule_update_render_data();
+        ws
+    }
+}