diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index fa109432..9e790e33 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -808,6 +808,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "jay-config-schema"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
  "jay-config",
 ]
 
diff --git a/jay-config-schema/Cargo.toml b/jay-config-schema/Cargo.toml
index 521a92cc..99bdcac8 100644
--- a/jay-config-schema/Cargo.toml
+++ b/jay-config-schema/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ description = "Shared configuration schema declarations for the Jay compositor"
 repository = "https://github.com/mahkoh/jay"
 
 [dependencies]
+ahash = "0.8.11"
 jay-config = { version = "1.10.0", path = "../jay-config" }
diff --git a/jay-config-schema/src/lib.rs b/jay-config-schema/src/lib.rs
index 74821107..432a7810 100644
--- a/jay-config-schema/src/lib.rs
+++ b/jay-config-schema/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub mod animations;
 pub mod command;
 pub mod input;
 pub mod keymap;
+pub mod model;
 pub mod options;
 pub mod output;
 pub mod rules;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ pub use animations::{AnimationCurveConfig, Animations};
 pub use command::{Exec, Status};
 pub use input::InputMatch;
 pub use keymap::ConfigKeymap;
+pub use model::{Action, ClientRule, Config, Input, InputMode, NamedAction, Shortcut, WindowRule};
 pub use options::{
     ColorManagement, Float, FocusHistory, Libei, RepeatRate, SimpleIm, Tearing, UiDrag, Vrr,
     Xwayland,
diff --git a/jay-config-schema/src/model.rs b/jay-config-schema/src/model.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a4bf430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jay-config-schema/src/model.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+use {
+    crate::{
+        Animations, ClientMatch, ColorManagement, ConfigConnector, ConfigDrmDevice, ConfigKeymap,
+        DrmDeviceMatch, Exec, Float, FocusHistory, InputMatch, Libei, Output, OutputMatch,
+        RepeatRate, SimpleCommand, SimpleIm, Status, Tearing, Theme, UiDrag, Vrr, WindowMatch,
+        Xwayland,
+    },
+    ahash::AHashMap,
+    jay_config::{
+        Direction, Workspace,
+        input::{
+            FallbackOutputMode, SwitchEvent, acceleration::AccelProfile, clickmethod::ClickMethod,
+        },
+        keyboard::{ModifiedKeySym, mods::Modifiers, syms::KeySym},
+        logging::LogLevel,
+        video::GfxApi,
+        window::TileState,
+        workspace::WorkspaceDisplayOrder,
+    },
+    std::{rc::Rc, time::Duration},
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[expect(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+pub enum Action {
+    ConfigureConnector {
+        con: ConfigConnector,
+    },
+    ConfigureDirectScanout {
+        enabled: bool,
+    },
+    ConfigureDrmDevice {
+        dev: ConfigDrmDevice,
+    },
+    ConfigureIdle {
+        idle: Option<Duration>,
+        grace_period: Option<Duration>,
+    },
+    ConfigureInput {
+        input: Box<Input>,
+    },
+    ConfigureOutput {
+        out: Output,
+    },
+    Exec {
+        exec: Exec,
+    },
+    MoveToWorkspace {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    Multi {
+        actions: Vec<Action>,
+    },
+    SetEnv {
+        env: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    },
+    SetGfxApi {
+        api: GfxApi,
+    },
+    SetKeymap {
+        map: ConfigKeymap,
+    },
+    SetLogLevel {
+        level: LogLevel,
+    },
+    SetRenderDevice {
+        dev: Box<DrmDeviceMatch>,
+    },
+    SetStatus {
+        status: Option<Status>,
+    },
+    SetTheme {
+        theme: Box<Theme>,
+    },
+    ShowWorkspace {
+        name: String,
+        output: Option<OutputMatch>,
+    },
+    SimpleCommand {
+        cmd: SimpleCommand,
+    },
+    SwitchToVt {
+        num: u32,
+    },
+    UnsetEnv {
+        env: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    MoveToOutput {
+        workspace: Option<Workspace>,
+        output: Option<OutputMatch>,
+        direction: Option<Direction>,
+    },
+    SetRepeatRate {
+        rate: RepeatRate,
+    },
+    DefineAction {
+        name: String,
+        action: Box<Action>,
+    },
+    UndefineAction {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    NamedAction {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    CreateMark(u32),
+    JumpToMark(u32),
+    CopyMark(u32, u32),
+    SetMode {
+        name: String,
+        latch: bool,
+    },
+    CreateVirtualOutput {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    RemoveVirtualOutput {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    Resize {
+        dx1: i32,
+        dy1: i32,
+        dx2: i32,
+        dy2: i32,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ClientRule {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub match_: ClientMatch,
+    pub action: Option<Action>,
+    pub latch: Option<Action>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct WindowRule {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    pub match_: WindowMatch,
+    pub action: Option<Action>,
+    pub latch: Option<Action>,
+    pub auto_focus: Option<bool>,
+    pub initial_tile_state: Option<TileState>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Input {
+    pub tag: Option<String>,
+    pub match_: InputMatch,
+    pub accel_profile: Option<AccelProfile>,
+    pub accel_speed: Option<f64>,
+    pub tap_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub tap_drag_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub tap_drag_lock_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub left_handed: Option<bool>,
+    pub natural_scrolling: Option<bool>,
+    pub click_method: Option<ClickMethod>,
+    pub middle_button_emulation: Option<bool>,
+    pub px_per_wheel_scroll: Option<f64>,
+    pub transform_matrix: Option<[[f64; 2]; 2]>,
+    pub keymap: Option<ConfigKeymap>,
+    pub switch_actions: AHashMap<SwitchEvent, Action>,
+    pub output: Option<Option<OutputMatch>>,
+    pub calibration_matrix: Option<[[f32; 3]; 2]>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Shortcut {
+    pub mask: Modifiers,
+    pub keysym: ModifiedKeySym,
+    pub action: Action,
+    pub latch: Option<Action>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct NamedAction {
+    pub name: Rc<String>,
+    pub action: Action,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct InputMode {
+    pub parent: Option<String>,
+    pub shortcuts: Vec<Shortcut>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Config {
+    pub keymap: Option<ConfigKeymap>,
+    pub repeat_rate: Option<RepeatRate>,
+    pub shortcuts: Vec<Shortcut>,
+    pub on_graphics_initialized: Option<Action>,
+    pub on_idle: Option<Action>,
+    pub status: Option<Status>,
+    pub connectors: Vec<ConfigConnector>,
+    pub outputs: Vec<Output>,
+    pub workspace_capture: bool,
+    pub env: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    pub on_startup: Option<Action>,
+    pub keymaps: Vec<ConfigKeymap>,
+    pub auto_reload: Option<bool>,
+    pub log_level: Option<LogLevel>,
+    pub clean_logs_older_than: Option<Duration>,
+    pub theme: Theme,
+    pub gfx_api: Option<GfxApi>,
+    pub direct_scanout_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub drm_devices: Vec<ConfigDrmDevice>,
+    pub render_device: Option<DrmDeviceMatch>,
+    pub inputs: Vec<Input>,
+    pub idle: Option<Duration>,
+    pub grace_period: Option<Duration>,
+    pub key_press_enables_dpms: Option<bool>,
+    pub mouse_move_enables_dpms: Option<bool>,
+    pub explicit_sync_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub focus_follows_mouse: bool,
+    pub window_management_key: Option<ModifiedKeySym>,
+    pub vrr: Option<Vrr>,
+    pub tearing: Option<Tearing>,
+    pub libei: Libei,
+    pub ui_drag: UiDrag,
+    pub animations: Animations,
+    pub xwayland: Option<Xwayland>,
+    pub color_management: Option<ColorManagement>,
+    pub float: Option<Float>,
+    pub named_actions: Vec<NamedAction>,
+    pub max_action_depth: u64,
+    pub client_rules: Vec<ClientRule>,
+    pub window_rules: Vec<WindowRule>,
+    pub pointer_revert_key: Option<KeySym>,
+    pub use_hardware_cursor: Option<bool>,
+    pub show_bar: Option<bool>,
+    pub show_titles: Option<bool>,
+    pub focus_history: Option<FocusHistory>,
+    pub middle_click_paste: Option<bool>,
+    pub input_modes: AHashMap<String, InputMode>,
+    pub workspace_display_order: Option<WorkspaceDisplayOrder>,
+    pub simple_im: Option<SimpleIm>,
+    pub fallback_output_mode: Option<FallbackOutputMode>,
+    pub mouse_follows_focus: Option<bool>,
+}
diff --git a/toml-config/src/config.rs b/toml-config/src/config.rs
index a084725e..31e43c14 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/config.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/config.rs
@@ -18,252 +18,22 @@ use {
         toml::{self},
     },
     ahash::AHashMap,
-    jay_config::{
-        Direction, Workspace,
-        input::{
-            FallbackOutputMode, SwitchEvent, acceleration::AccelProfile, clickmethod::ClickMethod,
-        },
-        keyboard::{ModifiedKeySym, mods::Modifiers, syms::KeySym},
-        logging::LogLevel,
-        video::GfxApi,
-        window::TileState,
-        workspace::WorkspaceDisplayOrder,
-    },
     std::{
         cell::RefCell,
         error::Error,
-        rc::Rc,
-        time::Duration,
     },
     thiserror::Error,
     toml::toml_parser,
 };
 
 pub use jay_config_schema::{
-    AnimationCurveConfig, Animations, ClientMatch, ColorManagement, ConfigConnector,
-    ConfigDrmDevice, ConfigKeymap, ConnectorMatch, DrmDeviceMatch, Exec, Float, FocusHistory,
-    GenericMatch, InputMatch, Libei, MatchExactly, Mode, Output, OutputMatch, RepeatRate,
-    SimpleCommand, SimpleIm, Status, Tearing, Theme, UiDrag, Vrr, WindowMatch, Xwayland,
+    Action, AnimationCurveConfig, Animations, ClientMatch, ClientRule, ColorManagement, Config,
+    ConfigConnector, ConfigDrmDevice, ConfigKeymap, ConnectorMatch, DrmDeviceMatch, Exec, Float,
+    FocusHistory, GenericMatch, Input, InputMatch, InputMode, Libei, MatchExactly, Mode,
+    NamedAction, Output, OutputMatch, RepeatRate, Shortcut, SimpleCommand, SimpleIm, Status,
+    Tearing, Theme, UiDrag, Vrr, WindowMatch, WindowRule, Xwayland,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-#[expect(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
-pub enum Action {
-    ConfigureConnector {
-        con: ConfigConnector,
-    },
-    ConfigureDirectScanout {
-        enabled: bool,
-    },
-    ConfigureDrmDevice {
-        dev: ConfigDrmDevice,
-    },
-    ConfigureIdle {
-        idle: Option<Duration>,
-        grace_period: Option<Duration>,
-    },
-    ConfigureInput {
-        input: Box<Input>,
-    },
-    ConfigureOutput {
-        out: Output,
-    },
-    Exec {
-        exec: Exec,
-    },
-    MoveToWorkspace {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    Multi {
-        actions: Vec<Action>,
-    },
-    SetEnv {
-        env: Vec<(String, String)>,
-    },
-    SetGfxApi {
-        api: GfxApi,
-    },
-    SetKeymap {
-        map: ConfigKeymap,
-    },
-    SetLogLevel {
-        level: LogLevel,
-    },
-    SetRenderDevice {
-        dev: Box<DrmDeviceMatch>,
-    },
-    SetStatus {
-        status: Option<Status>,
-    },
-    SetTheme {
-        theme: Box<Theme>,
-    },
-    ShowWorkspace {
-        name: String,
-        output: Option<OutputMatch>,
-    },
-    SimpleCommand {
-        cmd: SimpleCommand,
-    },
-    SwitchToVt {
-        num: u32,
-    },
-    UnsetEnv {
-        env: Vec<String>,
-    },
-    MoveToOutput {
-        workspace: Option<Workspace>,
-        output: Option<OutputMatch>,
-        direction: Option<Direction>,
-    },
-    SetRepeatRate {
-        rate: RepeatRate,
-    },
-    DefineAction {
-        name: String,
-        action: Box<Action>,
-    },
-    UndefineAction {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    NamedAction {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    CreateMark(u32),
-    JumpToMark(u32),
-    CopyMark(u32, u32),
-    SetMode {
-        name: String,
-        latch: bool,
-    },
-    CreateVirtualOutput {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    RemoveVirtualOutput {
-        name: String,
-    },
-    Resize {
-        dx1: i32,
-        dy1: i32,
-        dx2: i32,
-        dy2: i32,
-    },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ClientRule {
-    pub name: Option<String>,
-    pub match_: ClientMatch,
-    pub action: Option<Action>,
-    pub latch: Option<Action>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct WindowRule {
-    pub name: Option<String>,
-    pub match_: WindowMatch,
-    pub action: Option<Action>,
-    pub latch: Option<Action>,
-    pub auto_focus: Option<bool>,
-    pub initial_tile_state: Option<TileState>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Input {
-    pub tag: Option<String>,
-    pub match_: InputMatch,
-    pub accel_profile: Option<AccelProfile>,
-    pub accel_speed: Option<f64>,
-    pub tap_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    pub tap_drag_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    pub tap_drag_lock_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    pub left_handed: Option<bool>,
-    pub natural_scrolling: Option<bool>,
-    pub click_method: Option<ClickMethod>,
-    pub middle_button_emulation: Option<bool>,
-    pub px_per_wheel_scroll: Option<f64>,
-    pub transform_matrix: Option<[[f64; 2]; 2]>,
-    pub keymap: Option<ConfigKeymap>,
-    pub switch_actions: AHashMap<SwitchEvent, Action>,
-    pub output: Option<Option<OutputMatch>>,
-    pub calibration_matrix: Option<[[f32; 3]; 2]>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Shortcut {
-    pub mask: Modifiers,
-    pub keysym: ModifiedKeySym,
-    pub action: Action,
-    pub latch: Option<Action>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct NamedAction {
-    pub name: Rc<String>,
-    pub action: Action,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct InputMode {
-    pub parent: Option<String>,
-    pub shortcuts: Vec<Shortcut>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Config {
-    pub keymap: Option<ConfigKeymap>,
-    pub repeat_rate: Option<RepeatRate>,
-    pub shortcuts: Vec<Shortcut>,
-    pub on_graphics_initialized: Option<Action>,
-    pub on_idle: Option<Action>,
-    pub status: Option<Status>,
-    pub connectors: Vec<ConfigConnector>,
-    pub outputs: Vec<Output>,
-    pub workspace_capture: bool,
-    pub env: Vec<(String, String)>,
-    pub on_startup: Option<Action>,
-    pub keymaps: Vec<ConfigKeymap>,
-    pub auto_reload: Option<bool>,
-    pub log_level: Option<LogLevel>,
-    pub clean_logs_older_than: Option<Duration>,
-    pub theme: Theme,
-    pub gfx_api: Option<GfxApi>,
-    pub direct_scanout_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    pub drm_devices: Vec<ConfigDrmDevice>,
-    pub render_device: Option<DrmDeviceMatch>,
-    pub inputs: Vec<Input>,
-    pub idle: Option<Duration>,
-    pub grace_period: Option<Duration>,
-    pub key_press_enables_dpms: Option<bool>,
-    pub mouse_move_enables_dpms: Option<bool>,
-    pub explicit_sync_enabled: Option<bool>,
-    pub focus_follows_mouse: bool,
-    pub window_management_key: Option<ModifiedKeySym>,
-    pub vrr: Option<Vrr>,
-    pub tearing: Option<Tearing>,
-    pub libei: Libei,
-    pub ui_drag: UiDrag,
-    pub animations: Animations,
-    pub xwayland: Option<Xwayland>,
-    pub color_management: Option<ColorManagement>,
-    pub float: Option<Float>,
-    pub named_actions: Vec<NamedAction>,
-    pub max_action_depth: u64,
-    pub client_rules: Vec<ClientRule>,
-    pub window_rules: Vec<WindowRule>,
-    pub pointer_revert_key: Option<KeySym>,
-    pub use_hardware_cursor: Option<bool>,
-    pub show_bar: Option<bool>,
-    pub show_titles: Option<bool>,
-    pub focus_history: Option<FocusHistory>,
-    pub middle_click_paste: Option<bool>,
-    pub input_modes: AHashMap<String, InputMode>,
-    pub workspace_display_order: Option<WorkspaceDisplayOrder>,
-    pub simple_im: Option<SimpleIm>,
-    pub fallback_output_mode: Option<FallbackOutputMode>,
-    pub mouse_follows_focus: Option<bool>,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum ConfigError {
     #[error("Could not parse the toml document")]
diff --git a/toml-config/src/lib.rs b/toml-config/src/lib.rs
index b2475670..67586416 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/lib.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,17 @@ impl FnBuilder for ShortcutFnBuilder<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Action {
+trait ActionExt {
+    fn into_fn(self, state: &Rc<State>) -> Box<dyn Fn()>;
+
+    fn into_rc_fn(self, state: &Rc<State>) -> Rc<dyn Fn()>;
+
+    fn into_shortcut_fn(self, state: &Rc<State>) -> Rc<dyn Fn()>;
+
+    fn into_fn_impl<B: FnBuilder>(self, b: &B, state: &Rc<State>) -> B::Output;
+}
+
+impl ActionExt for Action {
     fn into_fn(self, state: &Rc<State>) -> Box<dyn Fn()> {
         self.into_fn_impl(&BoxFnBuilder, state)
     }
@@ -723,7 +733,11 @@ impl InputMatchExt for InputMatch {
     }
 }
 
-impl Input {
+trait InputExt {
+    fn apply(&self, c: InputDevice, state: &State);
+}
+
+impl InputExt for Input {
     fn apply(&self, c: InputDevice, state: &State) {
         if let Some(v) = self.accel_profile {
             c.set_accel_profile(v);
diff --git a/toml-config/src/rules.rs b/toml-config/src/rules.rs
index 48029314..f5d6d6d7 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/rules.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/rules.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use {
     crate::{
-        State,
+        ActionExt, State,
         config::{ClientMatch, ClientRule, GenericMatch, WindowMatch, WindowRule},
     },
     ahash::{AHashMap, AHashSet},
diff --git a/toml-config/src/shortcuts.rs b/toml-config/src/shortcuts.rs
index 7156433c..325beb03 100644
--- a/toml-config/src/shortcuts.rs
+++ b/toml-config/src/shortcuts.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use {
     crate::{
-        State,
+        ActionExt, State,
         config::{Action, InputMode, Shortcut, SimpleCommand},
     },
     ahash::{AHashMap, AHashSet},